Add CI job for R on alpine linux

Author: thisisnic

compose.yaml

@@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ x-hierarchy:
   # descendant images if any. Archery checks that all node has a corresponding
   # service entry, so any new image/service must be listed here.
   - almalinux-verify-rc
-  - alpine-linux-cpp
+  - alpine-linux-cpp:
+    - alpine-linux-r
   - centos-cpp-static
   - conda:
     - conda-cpp:
@@ -246,6 +247,42 @@ services:
         /arrow/ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh /arrow /build &&
         /arrow/ci/scripts/cpp_test.sh /arrow /build"
 
+  alpine-linux-r:
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker compose build alpine-linux-cpp
+    #   docker compose build alpine-linux-r
+    #   docker compose run alpine-linux-r
+    # Tests R package installation on musl (Alpine Linux) for CRAN checks.
+    # R package builds C++ from source, exercising nixlibs.R musl detection.
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ALPINE_LINUX: 3.22
+    #   R: 4.5
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm64v8, ...
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-alpine-linux-${ALPINE_LINUX}-r-${R}
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/linux-r.dockerfile
+      cache_from:
+        - ${REPO}:${ARCH}-alpine-linux-${ALPINE_LINUX}-r-${R}
+      args:
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+        base: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-alpine-linux-${ALPINE_LINUX}-cpp
+        r_bin: R
+        r: ${R}
+        r_dev: "TRUE"
+        r_prune_deps: ${R_PRUNE_DEPS}
+        tz: ${TZ}
+    shm_size: *shm-size
+    environment:
+      <<: *common
+      ARROW_R_DEV: "TRUE"
+      ARROW_SOURCE_HOME: '/arrow'
+      LIBARROW_BUILD: 'true'
+    volumes: *alpine-linux-volumes
+    command: >
+      /bin/bash -c "
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/r_test.sh /arrow"
+
   conda:
     # Base image for conda builds.
     #

dev/tasks/tasks.yml

@@ -683,6 +683,12 @@ tasks:
     params:
       MATRIX: {{ "${{ matrix.r_version }}" }}
 
+  test-r-alpine-linux:
+    ci: github
+    template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
+    params:
+      image: alpine-linux-r
+
   test-r-install-local:
     ci: github
     template: r/github.macos-linux.local.yml