style: use clap derive feature

Allows the CLI to be structured using nested structs and enums. Help messages are set using the doc strings for instance attributes.

## Behavioral changes

Same behavior as before expect:

* `-h` shows a shorter help message while `--help` shows the same long help message
* `-extensions` will error if a blank string is passed. cpp-linter v1.x just silently ignores blank file extensions

## Other Changes

- updated python dependencies (and uv.lock)
- added support for fre-threaded python builds
- adjusted docs' cli-gen binding accordingly for `-h` vs `--help` output (favoring the later when available).
- adopt PEP639 about License info in Python package metadata.

Author: 2bndy5

Cargo.lock

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn main(args: Option<Vec<String>>) -> PyResult<()> {
 
 /// The python binding for the cpp_linter package. It only exposes a ``main()`` function
 /// that is used as the entrypoint script.
-#[pymodule]
+#[pymodule(gil_used = false)]
 fn cpp_linter(m: &Bound<'_, PyModule>) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_function(wrap_pyfunction!(main, m)?)?;
     Ok(())

bindings/python/src/lib.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ license.workspace = true
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0.100"
 chrono = "0.4.42"
-clap = "4.5.50"
+clap = { version = "4.5.50", features = ["derive"] }
 colored = "3.0.0"
 fast-glob = "1.0.0"
 futures = "0.3.31"