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‎spec/Appendix B -- Grammar Summary.md‎

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## Schema Coordinate Syntax
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Note: In order to be unique, schema coordinates do not permit {Ignored} lexical
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grammars.
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SchemaCoordinate :
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Note: Schema coordinates must not contain {Ignored}.
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SchemaCoordinateToken ::
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- SchemaCoordinatePunctuator
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- Name
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SchemaCoordinatePunctuator :: one of ( ) . : @
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SchemaCoordinate ::
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- TypeCoordinate
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- MemberCoordinate
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- ArgumentCoordinate
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- DirectiveCoordinate
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- DirectiveArgumentCoordinate
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TypeCoordinate : Name
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TypeCoordinate :: Name
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MemberCoordinate : Name . Name
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MemberCoordinate :: Name . Name
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ArgumentCoordinate : Name . Name ( Name : )
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ArgumentCoordinate :: Name . Name ( Name : )
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DirectiveCoordinate : @ Name
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DirectiveCoordinate :: @ Name
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DirectiveArgumentCoordinate : @ Name ( Name : )
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DirectiveArgumentCoordinate :: @ Name ( Name : )

‎spec/Section 2 -- Language.md‎

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name: String
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}
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```
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## Schema Coordinates
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SchemaCoordinate ::
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- TypeCoordinate
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- MemberCoordinate
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- ArgumentCoordinate
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- DirectiveCoordinate
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- DirectiveArgumentCoordinate
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TypeCoordinate :: Name
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MemberCoordinate :: Name . Name
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ArgumentCoordinate :: Name . Name ( Name : )
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DirectiveCoordinate :: @ Name
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DirectiveArgumentCoordinate :: @ Name ( Name : )
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:: A _schema coordinate_ is a human readable string that uniquely identifies a
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_schema element_ within a GraphQL Schema.
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:: A _schema element_ can be a named type, a field, an input field, an enum
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value, a field argument, a directive, or a directive argument defined within a
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schema (including built-in types and directives).
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Note: Meta-fields are not defined within a schema, and thus are not _schema
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element_. By extension, an introspection type is not a _schema element_.
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:: The _containing element_ of a _schema element_ is the schema element with one
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fewer {Name} token that syntactically contains it. Specifically:
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- The containing element of an {ArgumentCoordinate} is a {MemberCoordinate}.
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- The containing element of a {MemberCoordinate} is a {TypeCoordinate}.
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- The containing element of a {DirectiveArgumentCoordinate} is a
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{DirectiveCoordinate}.
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- {TypeCoordinate} and {DirectiveCoordinate} have no containing element.
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A _schema coordinate_ is always unique. Each _schema element_ can be referenced
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by exactly one possible schema coordinate.
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A _schema coordinate_ may refer to either a defined or built-in _schema
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element_. For example, `String` and `@deprecated(reason:)` are both valid schema
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coordinates which refer to built-in schema elements.
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Note: A union member references a type in the schema. A type in the schema is
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identified by a {TypeCoordinate}. There is no schema coordinate which indicates
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a union member; this preserves the uniqueness property of a _schema coordinate_
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as stated above.
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Note: A {SchemaCoordinate} is not a definition within a GraphQL {Document}, but
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a separate standalone grammar, intended to be used by tools to reference types,
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fields, and other _schema element_. Examples include: references within
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documentation to refer to types and fields in a schema, a lookup key that can be
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used in logging tools to track how often particular fields are queried in
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production.
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**Parsing a Schema Coordinate**
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SchemaCoordinateToken ::
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- SchemaCoordinatePunctuator
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- Name
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SchemaCoordinatePunctuator :: one of ( ) . : @
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A {SchemaCoordinate} is a self-contained grammar with its own set of lexical
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tokens. The source text of a SchemaCoordinate must be a sequence of
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{SourceCharacter}.
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Unlike [GraphQL documents](#sec-Language), {SchemaCoordinate} must not contain
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{Whitespace} or other {Ignored} grammars within the character sequence. This
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ensures that every schema coordinates has a single unambiguous and unique
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lexical form.
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**Resolving a Schema Coordinate**
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To refer to a _schema element_, a _schema coordinate_ must be interpreted in the
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context of a GraphQL {schema}.
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If the _schema element_ cannot be found, the resolve function will not yield a
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value (without raising an error). However, an error will be raised if any
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non-leaf nodes within a _schema coordinate_ cannot be found in the {schema}.
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Note: Although it is syntactically possible to describe a meta-field or element
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of the introspection schema with a schema coordinate (e.g. `Business.__typename`
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or `__Type.fields(includeDeprecated:)`), they are not _schema element_ and
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therefore resolving such coordinates does not have a defined behavior.
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TypeCoordinate : Name
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of {Name}.
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2. Return the type in {schema} named {typeName} if it exists.
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MemberCoordinate : Name . Name
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of the first {Name}.
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2. Let {type} be the type in {schema} named {typeName}.
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3. Assert: {type} must exist, and must be an Enum, Input Object, Object or
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Interface type.
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4. If {type} is an Enum type:
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1. Let {enumValueName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the enum value of {type} named {enumValueName} if it exists.
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5. Otherwise, if {type} is an Input Object type:
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1. Let {inputFieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the input field of {type} named {inputFieldName} if it exists.
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6. Otherwise:
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1. Let {fieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the field of {type} named {fieldName} if it exists.
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ArgumentCoordinate : Name . Name ( Name : )
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of the first {Name}.
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2. Let {type} be the type in {schema} named {typeName}.
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3. Assert: {type} must exist, and be an Object or Interface type.
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4. Let {fieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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5. Let {field} be the field of {type} named {fieldName}.
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6. Assert: {field} must exist.
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7. Let {fieldArgumentName} be the value of the third {Name}.
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8. Return the argument of {field} named {fieldArgumentName} if it exists.
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DirectiveCoordinate : @ Name
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1. Let {directiveName} be the value of {Name}.
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2. Return the directive in {schema} named {directiveName} if it exists.
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DirectiveArgumentCoordinate : @ Name ( Name : )
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1. Let {directiveName} be the value of the first {Name}.
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2. Let {directive} be the directive in {schema} named {directiveName}.
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3. Assert: {directive} must exist.
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4. Let {directiveArgumentName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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5. Return the argument of {directive} named {directiveArgumentName} if it
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exists.
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**Examples**
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| Element Kind | _Schema Coordinate_ | _Schema Element_ |
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| ------------------ | --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Named Type | `Business` | `Business` type |
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| Field | `Business.name` | `name` field on the `Business` type |
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| Input Field | `SearchCriteria.filter` | `filter` input field on the `SearchCriteria` input object type |
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| Enum Value | `SearchFilter.OPEN_NOW` | `OPEN_NOW` value of the `SearchFilter` enum |
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| Field Argument | `Query.searchBusiness(criteria:)` | `criteria` argument on the `searchBusiness` field on the `Query` type |
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| Directive | `@private` | `@private` directive |
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| Directive Argument | `@private(scope:)` | `scope` argument on the `@private` directive |
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The table above shows an example of a _schema coordinate_ for every kind of
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_schema element_ based on the schema below.
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```graphql
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type Query {
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searchBusiness(criteria: SearchCriteria!): [Business]
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}
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input SearchCriteria {
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name: String
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filter: SearchFilter
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}
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enum SearchFilter {
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OPEN_NOW
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DELIVERS_TAKEOUT
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VEGETARIAN_MENU
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}
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type Business {
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id: ID
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name: String
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email: String @private(scope: "loggedIn")
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}
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directive @private(scope: String!) on FIELD_DEFINITION
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```

‎spec/Section 3 -- Type System.md‎

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```graphql example
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scalar UUID @specifiedBy(url: "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122")
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```
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## Schema Coordinates
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SchemaCoordinate :
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- TypeCoordinate
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- MemberCoordinate
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- ArgumentCoordinate
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- DirectiveCoordinate
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- DirectiveArgumentCoordinate
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TypeCoordinate : Name
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MemberCoordinate : Name . Name
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ArgumentCoordinate : Name . Name ( Name : )
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DirectiveCoordinate : @ Name
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DirectiveArgumentCoordinate : @ Name ( Name : )
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Note: A _schema coordinate_ is defined with its own grammar that, unlike GraphQL
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documents, excludes {Ignored} lexical grammars (see: [Lexical Analysis &
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Syntactic Parse of a Schema Coordinate](
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(#sec-Type-System.Schema-Coordinates.Lexical-Analysis-Syntactic-Parse-of-a-Schema-Coordinate)).
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:: A _schema coordinate_ is a human readable string that uniquely identifies a
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_schema element_ within a GraphQL Schema.
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:: A _schema element_ can be a named type, a field, an input field, an enum
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value, a field argument, a directive, or a directive argument defined within a
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schema (including built-in types and directives).
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Note: Meta-fields are not defined within a schema, and thus are not _schema
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element_. By extension, an introspection type is not a _schema element_.
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:: The _containing element_ of a _schema element_ is the schema element with one
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fewer {Name} token that syntactically contains it. Specifically:
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- The containing element of an {ArgumentCoordinate} is a {MemberCoordinate}.
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- The containing element of a {MemberCoordinate} is a {TypeCoordinate}.
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- The containing element of a {DirectiveArgumentCoordinate} is a
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{DirectiveCoordinate}.
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- {TypeCoordinate} and {DirectiveCoordinate} have no containing element.
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A _schema coordinate_ is always unique. Each _schema element_ can be referenced
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by exactly one possible schema coordinate.
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A _schema coordinate_ may refer to either a defined or built-in _schema
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element_. For example, `String` and `@deprecated(reason:)` are both valid schema
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coordinates which refer to built-in schema elements.
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Note: A union member references a type in the schema. A type in the schema is
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identified by a {TypeCoordinate}. There is no schema coordinate which indicates
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a union member; this preserves the uniqueness property of a _schema coordinate_
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as stated above.
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Note: A {SchemaCoordinate} is not a definition within a GraphQL {Document}, but
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a separate standalone grammar, intended to be used by tools to reference types,
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fields, and other _schema element_. Examples include: references within
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documentation to refer to types and fields in a schema, a lookup key that can be
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used in logging tools to track how often particular fields are queried in
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production.
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**Lexical Analysis & Syntactic Parse of a Schema Coordinate**
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Similar to [GraphQL documents](#sec-Language), a schema coordinate is defined as
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a syntactic grammar where terminal symbols are tokens (indivisible lexical
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units). These tokens are defined in a lexical grammar which matches patterns of
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source characters. The source text of a schema coordinate must be a sequence of
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{SourceCharacter}. The character sequence must be described by a sequence of
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{Token} lexical grammars. The lexical token sequence, must be described by a
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single {SchemaCoordinate} syntactic grammar.
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Unlike with GraphQL documents, {Ignored} lexical grammars are not permitted
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within the character sequence; a schema coordinate must therefore not contain
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whitespace, line terminators, comments, commas, or a _Byte Order Mark_. This
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constraint ensures that schema coordinates are both unambiguous and unique.
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**Resolving a Schema Coordinate**
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To refer to a _schema element_, a _schema coordinate_ must be interpreted in the
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context of a GraphQL {schema}.
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If the _schema element_ cannot be found, the resolve function will not yield a
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value (without raising an error). However, an error will be raised if any
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non-leaf nodes within a _schema coordinate_ cannot be found in the {schema}.
2317-
2318-
Note: Although it is syntactically possible to describe a meta-field or element
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of the introspection schema with a schema coordinate (e.g. `Business.__typename`
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or `__Type.fields(includeDeprecated:)`), they are not _schema element_ and
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therefore resolving such coordinates results in implementation-defined behavior.
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TypeCoordinate : Name
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of {Name}.
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2. Return the type in {schema} named {typeName} if it exists.
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MemberCoordinate : Name . Name
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of the first {Name}.
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2. Let {type} be the type in {schema} named {typeName}.
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3. Assert: {type} must exist, and must be an Enum, Input Object, Object or
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Interface type.
2334-
4. If {type} is an Enum type:
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1. Let {enumValueName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the enum value of {type} named {enumValueName} if it exists.
2337-
5. Otherwise, if {type} is an Input Object type:
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1. Let {inputFieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the input field of {type} named {inputFieldName} if it exists.
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6. Otherwise:
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1. Let {fieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
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2. Return the field of {type} named {fieldName} if it exists.
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ArgumentCoordinate : Name . Name ( Name : )
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1. Let {typeName} be the value of the first {Name}.
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2. Let {type} be the type in {schema} named {typeName}.
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3. Assert: {type} must exist, and be an Object or Interface type.
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4. Let {fieldName} be the value of the second {Name}.
2350-
5. Let {field} be the field of {type} named {fieldName}.
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6. Assert: {field} must exist.
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7. Let {fieldArgumentName} be the value of the third {Name}.
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8. Return the argument of {field} named {fieldArgumentName} if it exists.
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2355-
DirectiveCoordinate : @ Name
2356-
2357-
1. Let {directiveName} be the value of {Name}.
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2. Return the directive in {schema} named {directiveName} if it exists.
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2360-
DirectiveArgumentCoordinate : @ Name ( Name : )
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1. Let {directiveName} be the value of the first {Name}.
2363-
2. Let {directive} be the directive in {schema} named {directiveName}.
2364-
3. Assert: {directive} must exist.
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4. Let {directiveArgumentName} be the value of the second {Name}.
2366-
5. Return the argument of {directive} named {directiveArgumentName} if it
2367-
exists.
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**Examples**
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| Element Kind | _Schema Coordinate_ | _Schema Element_ |
2372-
| ------------------ | --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Named Type | `Business` | `Business` type |
2374-
| Field | `Business.name` | `name` field on the `Business` type |
2375-
| Input Field | `SearchCriteria.filter` | `filter` input field on the `SearchCriteria` input object type |
2376-
| Enum Value | `SearchFilter.OPEN_NOW` | `OPEN_NOW` value of the `SearchFilter` enum |
2377-
| Field Argument | `Query.searchBusiness(criteria:)` | `criteria` argument on the `searchBusiness` field on the `Query` type |
2378-
| Directive | `@private` | `@private` directive |
2379-
| Directive Argument | `@private(scope:)` | `scope` argument on the `@private` directive |
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2381-
The table above shows an example of a _schema coordinate_ for every kind of
2382-
_schema element_ based on the schema below.
2383-
2384-
```graphql
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type Query {
2386-
searchBusiness(criteria: SearchCriteria!): [Business]
2387-
}
2388-
2389-
input SearchCriteria {
2390-
name: String
2391-
filter: SearchFilter
2392-
}
2393-
2394-
enum SearchFilter {
2395-
OPEN_NOW
2396-
DELIVERS_TAKEOUT
2397-
VEGETARIAN_MENU
2398-
}
2399-
2400-
type Business {
2401-
id: ID
2402-
name: String
2403-
email: String @private(scope: "loggedIn")
2404-
}
2405-
2406-
directive @private(scope: String!) on FIELD_DEFINITION
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```

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