diff --git a/Language/python/3.10/Dockerfile b/Language/python/3.10/Dockerfile
index ceff25c5..afe985b2 100644
--- a/Language/python/3.10/Dockerfile
+++ b/Language/python/3.10/Dockerfile
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 FROM ghcr.io/labring-actions/devbox/debian-ssh-12.6:a5f75b3
-
-RUN cd /home/devbox/project && \
-rm -rf ./*
-
-COPY /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
+USER root
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y python3.10 python3-pip python3-venv && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python && \
-    python -m venv /home/devbox/project && \
-    chown -R devbox:devbox /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R u+rw /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
- 
-RUN mkdir /home/devbox/.devbox
\ No newline at end of file
+    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
+
+USER devbox
+
+RUN mkdir -p /home/devbox/.devbox && \
+    if [ -d /home/devbox/project ]; then rm -rf /home/devbox/project/*; fi
+
+COPY --chown=devbox:devbox /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
+
+RUN python -m venv /home/devbox/project && chmod +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
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diff --git a/Language/python/3.11/Dockerfile b/Language/python/3.11/Dockerfile
index b0b04326..95738139 100644
--- a/Language/python/3.11/Dockerfile
+++ b/Language/python/3.11/Dockerfile
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 FROM ghcr.io/labring-actions/devbox/debian-ssh-12.6:a5f75b3
-RUN cd /home/devbox/project && \
-rm -rf ./*
-
-COPY /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
+USER root
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y python3.11 python3-pip python3-venv && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python && \
-    python -m venv /home/devbox/project && \
-    chown -R devbox:devbox /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R u+rw /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
- 
-RUN mkdir /home/devbox/.devbox
\ No newline at end of file
+    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
+
+USER devbox
+
+RUN mkdir -p /home/devbox/.devbox && \
+    if [ -d /home/devbox/project ]; then rm -rf /home/devbox/project/*; fi
+
+COPY --chown=devbox:devbox /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
+
+RUN python -m venv /home/devbox/project && chmod +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
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diff --git a/Language/python/3.12/Dockerfile b/Language/python/3.12/Dockerfile
index a2a7934b..5c634893 100644
--- a/Language/python/3.12/Dockerfile
+++ b/Language/python/3.12/Dockerfile
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 FROM ghcr.io/labring-actions/devbox/debian-ssh-12.6:a5f75b3
-RUN cd /home/devbox/project && \
-rm -rf ./*
-
-COPY /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
+USER root
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv && \
     apt-get clean && \
     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
-    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python && \
-    python -m venv /home/devbox/project && \
-    chown -R devbox:devbox /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R u+rw /home/devbox/project && \
-    chmod -R +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
+    ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
+
+USER devbox
+
+RUN mkdir -p /home/devbox/.devbox && \
+    if [ -d /home/devbox/project ]; then rm -rf /home/devbox/project/*; fi
+
+COPY --chown=devbox:devbox /Language/python/project /home/devbox/project
 
-RUN mkdir /home/devbox/.devbox
\ No newline at end of file
+RUN python -m venv /home/devbox/project && chmod +x /home/devbox/project/entrypoint.sh
\ No newline at end of file