diff --git a/src/config-schema.ts b/src/config-schema.ts
index bb25ca3b..33fd5f9d 100644
--- a/src/config-schema.ts
+++ b/src/config-schema.ts
@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ export const configSchema = {
 };
 
 export interface PharmacyConfig {
+  checkDuplicateDispense: any;
+  enableDuplicateDispenseCheck: any;
   appName: string;
   actionButtons: {
     pauseButton: {
diff --git a/src/forms/dispense-form.workspace.tsx b/src/forms/dispense-form.workspace.tsx
index 4dfc2b8b..1255da9b 100644
--- a/src/forms/dispense-form.workspace.tsx
+++ b/src/forms/dispense-form.workspace.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   type DefaultWorkspaceProps,
   ExtensionSlot,
   getCoreTranslation,
+  showModal,
   showSnackbar,
   useConfig,
   usePatient,
@@ -54,23 +55,38 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
   const { patient, isLoading } = usePatient(patientUuid);
   const config = useConfig<PharmacyConfig>();
 
-  // Keep track of inventory item
   const [inventoryItem, setInventoryItem] = useState<InventoryItem>();
-
-  // Keep track of medication dispense payload
   const [medicationDispensePayload, setMedicationDispensePayload] = useState<MedicationDispense>();
-
-  // whether or not the form is valid and ready to submit
   const [isValid, setIsValid] = useState(false);
-
-  // to prevent duplicate submits
   const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false);
 
-  // Submit medication dispense form
+  const isDuplicateMedication = (dispense: MedicationDispense): boolean => {
+    const dispenses = medicationRequestBundle?.dispenses ?? [];
+
+    return dispenses.some((existingDispense) => {
+      return (
+        existingDispense.medicationCodeableConcept?.coding?.[0]?.code ===
+          dispense.medicationCodeableConcept?.coding?.[0]?.code &&
+        existingDispense.performer?.[0]?.actor?.reference === dispense.performer?.[0]?.actor?.reference &&
+        existingDispense.quantity?.value === dispense.quantity?.value &&
+        existingDispense.quantity?.code === dispense.quantity?.code &&
+        existingDispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.doseAndRate?.[0]?.doseQuantity?.value ===
+          dispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.doseAndRate?.[0]?.doseQuantity?.value &&
+        existingDispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.doseAndRate?.[0]?.doseQuantity?.code ===
+          dispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.doseAndRate?.[0]?.doseQuantity?.code &&
+        existingDispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.route?.coding?.[0]?.code ===
+          dispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.route?.coding?.[0]?.code &&
+        existingDispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.timing?.code?.coding?.[0]?.code ===
+          dispense.dosageInstruction?.[0]?.timing?.code?.coding?.[0]?.code
+      );
+    });
+  };
+
   const handleSubmit = () => {
     if (!isSubmitting) {
       setIsSubmitting(true);
       const abortController = new AbortController();
+
       saveMedicationDispense(medicationDispensePayload, MedicationDispenseStatus.completed, abortController)
         .then((response) => {
           if (response.ok) {
@@ -81,9 +97,7 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
             );
             if (getFulfillerStatus(medicationRequestBundle.request) !== newFulfillerStatus) {
               return updateMedicationRequestFulfillerStatus(
-                getUuidFromReference(
-                  medicationDispensePayload.authorizingPrescription[0].reference, // assumes authorizing prescription exist
-                ),
+                getUuidFromReference(medicationDispensePayload.authorizingPrescription[0].reference),
                 newFulfillerStatus,
               );
             }
@@ -148,6 +162,16 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
     }
   };
 
+  const handleDuplicateMedication = () => {
+    const dispose = showModal('duplicate-prescription-modal', {
+      onClose: () => dispose(),
+      medicationName: medicationDispensePayload?.medicationCodeableConcept?.text || '',
+      onConfirm: () => {
+        handleSubmit();
+      },
+    });
+  };
+
   const checkIsValid = () => {
     if (
       medicationDispensePayload &&
@@ -160,9 +184,9 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
       medicationDispensePayload.dosageInstruction[0]?.doseAndRate[0]?.doseQuantity?.code &&
       medicationDispensePayload.dosageInstruction[0]?.route?.coding[0].code &&
       medicationDispensePayload.dosageInstruction[0]?.timing?.code.coding[0].code &&
-      (!medicationDispensePayload.substitution.wasSubstituted ||
-        (medicationDispensePayload.substitution.reason[0]?.coding[0].code &&
-          medicationDispensePayload.substitution.type?.coding[0].code))
+      (!medicationDispensePayload.substitution?.wasSubstituted ||
+        (medicationDispensePayload.substitution.reason?.[0]?.coding?.[0]?.code &&
+          medicationDispensePayload.substitution.type?.coding?.[0]?.code))
     ) {
       setIsValid(true);
     } else {
@@ -170,10 +194,7 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
     }
   };
 
-  // initialize the internal dispense payload with the dispenses passed in as props
   useEffect(() => setMedicationDispensePayload(medicationDispense), [medicationDispense]);
-
-  // check is valid on any changes
   useEffect(checkIsValid, [medicationDispensePayload, quantityRemaining, inventoryItem]);
 
   const isButtonDisabled = (config.enableStockDispense ? !inventoryItem : false) || !isValid || isSubmitting;
@@ -232,7 +253,15 @@ const DispenseForm: React.FC<DispenseFormProps> = ({
         <Button disabled={isSubmitting} onClick={() => closeWorkspace()} kind="secondary">
           {getCoreTranslation('cancel', 'Cancel')}
         </Button>
-        <Button disabled={isButtonDisabled} onClick={handleSubmit}>
+        <Button
+          disabled={isButtonDisabled}
+          onClick={() => {
+            if (medicationDispensePayload && isDuplicateMedication(medicationDispensePayload)) {
+              handleDuplicateMedication();
+            } else {
+              handleSubmit();
+            }
+          }}>
           {t(
             mode === 'enter' ? 'dispensePrescription' : 'saveChanges',
             mode === 'enter' ? 'Dispense prescription' : 'Save changes',
diff --git a/src/forms/duplicate-prescription.modal.tsx b/src/forms/duplicate-prescription.modal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21df1f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forms/duplicate-prescription.modal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import React, { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
+import { showSnackbar } from '@openmrs/esm-framework';
+import { Button, ModalHeader, ModalBody, ModalFooter, InlineLoading } from '@carbon/react';
+
+interface DuplicatePrescriptionModalProps {
+  onClose: () => void;
+  onConfirm: () => Promise<void> | void;
+  title?: string;
+  message?: string;
+  previousDispenseDate?: string;
+  previousQuantity?: number;
+}
+
+const DuplicatePrescriptionModal: React.FC<DuplicatePrescriptionModalProps> = ({
+  onClose,
+  onConfirm,
+  title,
+  message,
+  previousDispenseDate,
+  previousQuantity,
+}) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [isProcessing, setIsProcessing] = useState(false);
+
+  const handleConfirm = useCallback(async () => {
+    setIsProcessing(true);
+    try {
+      await onConfirm();
+      showSnackbar({
+        isLowContrast: true,
+        kind: 'success',
+        title: t('dispenseSuccess', 'Dispensing completed successfully'),
+      });
+      onClose();
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Error during dispensing:', error);
+      showSnackbar({
+        isLowContrast: false,
+        kind: 'error',
+        title: t('errorDispensing', 'Error during dispensing'),
+        subtitle: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      });
+    } finally {
+      setIsProcessing(false);
+    }
+  }, [onConfirm, t, onClose]);
+
+  const modalTitle = title ?? t('duplicatePrescriptionTitle', 'Duplicate Dispensing Detected');
+  const modalMessage =
+    message ??
+    t(
+      'duplicatePrescriptionMessage',
+      'An identical medication (same dose, quantity, and duration) appears to have already been dispensed.',
+    );
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <ModalHeader closeModal={onClose} title={modalTitle} />
+      <ModalBody>
+        <p>{modalMessage}</p>
+        {previousDispenseDate && previousQuantity !== undefined && (
+          <p>
+            {t('previousDispenseDetails', 'Previous dispense on')}{' '}
+            <strong>{new Date(previousDispenseDate).toLocaleDateString()}</strong> {t('withQuantity', 'with quantity')}{' '}
+            <strong>{previousQuantity}</strong>.
+          </p>
+        )}
+        <p>{t('confirmationPrompt', 'Do you want to proceed with dispensing?')}</p>
+      </ModalBody>
+      <ModalFooter>
+        <Button kind="secondary" onClick={onClose} disabled={isProcessing}>
+          {t('cancel', 'Cancel')}
+        </Button>
+        <Button kind="danger" onClick={() => void handleConfirm()} disabled={isProcessing}>
+          {isProcessing ? (
+            <InlineLoading description={`${t('dispensing', 'Dispensing')}...`} />
+          ) : (
+            <span>{t('dispense', 'Dispense')}</span>
+          )}
+        </Button>
+      </ModalFooter>
+    </>
+  );
+};
+
+export default DuplicatePrescriptionModal;
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 08f79360..1bd64ec2 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ export const pauseDispenseWorkspace = getAsyncLifecycle(() => import('./forms/pa
 
 export const printPrescriptionPreviewModal = getSyncLifecycle(PrescriptionPrintPreviewModal, options);
 export const deleteConfirmModal = getAsyncLifecycle(() => import('./history/delete-confrim.modal'), options);
+export const duplicatePrescriptionModal = getAsyncLifecycle(
+  () => import('./forms/duplicate-prescription.modal'),
+  options,
+);
 
 export const patientDiagnoses = getAsyncLifecycle(() => import('./diagnoses/diagnoses.component'), options);
 export const patientConditions = getAsyncLifecycle(() => import('./conditions/conditions.component'), options);
diff --git a/src/location/location.resource.test.tsx b/src/location/location.resource.test.tsx
index 3a2aa795..0e6b52e0 100644
--- a/src/location/location.resource.test.tsx
+++ b/src/location/location.resource.test.tsx
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ const pharmacyConfig: PharmacyConfig = {
   enableStockDispense: false,
   validateBatch: false,
   leftNavMode: 'collapsed',
+  checkDuplicateDispense: false,
+  enableDuplicateDispenseCheck: false,
 };
 
 describe('Location Resource tests', () => {
diff --git a/src/routes.json b/src/routes.json
index 398399fb..4d27bf53 100644
--- a/src/routes.json
+++ b/src/routes.json
@@ -95,7 +95,10 @@
     {
       "name": "delete-confirm-modal",
       "component": "deleteConfirmModal"
-
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "duplicate-prescription-modal",
+      "component": "duplicatePrescriptionModal"
     }
   ]
 }
\ No newline at end of file