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Update ethical-web-principles links and bibrefs (#601)
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Former Editor: Lea Verou, Invited Expert, https://lea.verou.me, w3cid 52258
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Former Editor: Sangwhan Moon, w3cid 42399, Google https://www.google.com/, https://sangwhan.com
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Former Editor: Domenic Denicola, Google https://www.google.com/, https://domenic.me/, [email protected]
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Former Editor: Travis Leithead, Microsoft, [email protected]
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Abstract: This document contains a set of design principles to be used when designing web platform technologies. These principles have been collected during the Technical Architecture Group's discussions in <a href="https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews/">reviewing</a> developing specifications, and build upon the Ethical Web Principles [[ETHICAL-WEB]]. We encourage specification designers to read this document and use it as a resource when making design decisions.
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Abstract: This document contains a set of design principles to be used when designing web platform technologies. These principles have been collected during the Technical Architecture Group's discussions in <a href="https://github.com/w3ctag/design-reviews/">reviewing</a> developing specifications, and build upon the Ethical Web Principles [[ethical-web-principles]]. We encourage specification designers to read this document and use it as a resource when making design decisions.
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Default Biblio Status: current
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Markup Shorthands: markdown on
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Boilerplate: feedback-header off
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ urlPrefix: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html; spec: rfc9110
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<h2 id="basic-principles">Principles behind design of Web APIs</h2>
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The Design Principles are directly informed by the ethical framework
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set out in the Ethical Web Principles [[ETHICAL-WEB]].
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set out in the Ethical Web Principles [[ethical-web-principles]].
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These principles provide concrete practical advice
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in response to the higher level ethical responsibilities
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that come with developing the web platform.
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ be sure to understand and document the user need that the API aims to address.
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[The internet is for end users](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8890):
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any change made to the web platform has the potential to
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[affect vast numbers of people](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople),
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[affect vast numbers of people](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople),
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and may have a profound impact on any person's life. [[RFC8890]]
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User needs come before the needs of web page authors,
@@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ and theoretical concerns reflect underlying needs of all of these groups.
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See also:
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* [The web should not cause harm to society](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#noharm)
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* [The web must enhance individuals' control and power](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#control)
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* [The web should not cause harm to society](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#noharm)
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* [The web must enhance individuals' control and power](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#control)
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* [[RFC8890]]
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<h3 id="safe-to-browse">It should be safe to visit a web page</h3>
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In order for the web to remain vibrant,
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users need to be able to expect that merely visiting any given link
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won't have implications for the security of their computer,
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or for any essential aspects of their [privacy](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#privacy).
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or for any essential aspects of their [privacy](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#privacy).
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For example, an API that allows any website to
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[detect the use of assistive technologies](#do-not-expose-use-of-assistive-tech)
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such as the address bar, security indicators and permission prompts,
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to understand who they are interacting with and how.
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These trusted user interfaces must be able to be designed in a way
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that enables users to trust [and verify](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#verify)
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that enables users to trust [and verify](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#verify)
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that the information they provide is genuine,
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and hasn't been spoofed or hijacked by the website.
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a web page may want to make use of a feature
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that has the potential to cause harm.
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Features that have this potential for harm should be designed such that people can give
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[meaningful consent](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#control) for that feature to be used,
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[meaningful consent](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#control) for that feature to be used,
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and that they can refuse consent effectively.
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In order to give *meaningful consent*, the user must:
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See also:
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* [The web is secure, and respects people's privacy](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [The web is secure, and respects people's privacy](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [Consent Principles](https://www.w3.org/TR/privacy-principles/#consent-principles)
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* [Permissions](https://www.w3.org/TR/permissions/)
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at a very wide range of screen sizes,
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may be used to generate printed media,
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and may be interacted with in a large number of different ways.
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New features should match the [existing flexibility](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#render)
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New features should match the [existing flexibility](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#render)
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of the web platform.
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<div class="note">
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to protect their own personal safety.
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Because of this, the fact that someone is using private browsing mode
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may be [sensitive information](https://www.w3.org/TR/security-privacy-questionnaire/#sensitive-data) about them.
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This information may [harm](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#noharm) people
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This information may [harm](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#noharm) people
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if it is revealed to a web site controlled by others who have power over them
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(such as employers, parents, partners,
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or [state actors](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#expression)).
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or [state actors](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#expression)).
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Given such dangers,
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websites should not be able to detect that private browsing mode is engaged.
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See also:
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* [Security and privacy are essential](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [Security and privacy are essential](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [What data does this specification expose to an origin?](https://www.w3.org/TR/security-privacy-questionnaire/#underlying-platform-data)
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* [[#private-browsing-mode]]
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Make sure that your API doesn't provide a way
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for authors to detect that a user is using assistive technology.
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[The web platform must be accessible to people with disabilities.](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople)
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[The web platform must be accessible to people with disabilities.](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople)
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If a site can detect that a user is using an assistive technology,
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that site can deny or restrict the user's access to the services it provides.
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People who make use of assistive technologies
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are often [vulnerable members of society](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#noharm);
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are often [vulnerable members of society](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#noharm);
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their use of assistive technologies is [sensitive information](https://www.w3.org/TR/security-privacy-questionnaire/#sensitive-data) about them.
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If an API provides access to this information,
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this sensitive information may be revealed to others
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(including [state actors](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#expression))
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(including [state actors](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#expression))
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who may wish them harm.
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Sometimes people propose features which aim to improve the user experience
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See also:
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* [Web Technology Accessibility Guidelines](https://w3c.github.io/apa/fast/)
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* [Security and privacy are essential](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [Security and privacy are essential](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#privacy)
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* [What data does this specification expose to an origin?](https://www.w3.org/TR/security-privacy-questionnaire/#underlying-platform-data)
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<h3 id="require-user-activation">Require user activation for powerful APIs</h3>
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(This problem is even more pronounced on low-powered devices,
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which are more likely to be used by disadvantaged or marginalized users.
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Remember,
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[the web is for all people](https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople).)
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[the web is for all people](https://www.w3.org/TR/ethical-web-principles/#allpeople).)
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Therefore,
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APIs which would often block the main thread if used as intended

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