feat: add Kadane's Algorithm and Deque data structure with comprehensive tests and documentation

[codomposer]

Description

This PR adds two new implementations to the repository:

1. Kadane's Algorithm - A dynamic programming algorithm for finding the maximum sum of a contiguous subarray
2. Deque (Double-Ended Queue) - A data structure that allows insertion and deletion from both ends

Changes

Algorithm: Kadane's Algorithm

• File: Algorithms/Other/KadanesAlgorithm.cs
• Implements maximum subarray sum with O(n) time complexity
• Supports both int and long data types
• Includes variant that returns subarray indices
• Reference: "Introduction to Algorithms" by CLRS

Data Structure: Deque

• File: DataStructures/Deque/Deque.cs
• Circular array implementation with O(1) operations
• Automatic capacity doubling when full
• Supports AddFront, AddRear, RemoveFront, RemoveRear operations
• Reference: "Data Structures and Algorithms in C#" by Goodrich

Tests

• 17 comprehensive tests for Kadane's Algorithm covering edge cases, mixed numbers, and long integers
• 22 comprehensive tests for Deque covering circular behavior, resizing, and type flexibility

Documentation

• Detailed XML documentation with examples
• Inline comments explaining algorithm logic
• Time/space complexity analysis
• Real-world use case descriptions

Checklist

• I have performed a self-review of my code
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Comments in areas I changed are up to date
• I have added comments to hard-to-understand areas of my code
• I have made corresponding changes to the README.md

Closes #52
Closes #111
Closes #112

Testing

All tests pass successfully:

• KadanesAlgorithmTests: 17/17 tests passing
• DequeTests: 22/22 tests passing

Additional Notes

Both implementations target .NET 8 and follow the repository's coding standards with comprehensive documentation for educational purposes.

[siriak]

Please check the PR check failing

[codomposer]

@siriak I've already fixed the failing issue

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.50000% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 96.81%. Comparing base (8ec0781) to head (9ae60e8).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
DataStructures/Deque/Deque.cs	96.22%	3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           master     #552    +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage   96.81%   96.81%            
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  Files         284      286     +2     
  Lines       11593    11753   +160     
  Branches     1668     1687    +19     
========================================
+ Hits        11224    11379   +155     
- Misses        234      237     +3     
- Partials      135      137     +2     

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[siriak]

Looks good, thanks!