feat: Make extract SQL expression timezone aware.

[codetyri0n]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #18228

What changes are included in this PR?

The PR supports the enabling of timezone as an execution config and also recognises proper and improper timezone offsets (HH:MM) with the timestamp.

Are these changes tested?

Yes (slt)

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, users will be able to query extract expression with the enablement of the timezone execution config.

[codetyri0n]

@martin-g @Omega359 This PR is a direct port of #18417 which got really messy (my apologies 🥲) due to a whole lot of unwanted commits. Closed that so that we could have a clean PR.

This contains the commit which addressed @martin-g thoughts for :

1. handling offsets that included tz such as +02:30 and the subsequent test cases.
2. Robust test cases such as check for change in DAY
3. minor error handling suggestions and tweaks.
4. refactor of a common function - implemented in mod.rs as a helper function and correspondingly used in to_local_time and date_part files.

Improvements that could be made for future releases:

1. Named timezone support ('Europe/Brussels' , 'Asia/Beijing' etc) that I was unclear on how to carry forward with.

Lmk wdyt (my apologies again for the messy closure and reopening of a separate PR for this)

[martin-g]

Please add tests for New Year Eve:

Suggested change

	2 31 29
	2 31 29
	query IIII
	SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45'),
	EXTRACT(MONTH FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45'),
	EXTRACT(DAY FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45'),
	EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45'),
	EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45'),
	EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TIMESTAMP '2023-12-31 18:20:59-08:45');
	----
	2024 01 01 03 05 59
	query V
	SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45'),
	EXTRACT(MONTH FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45'),
	EXTRACT(DAY FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45'),
	EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45'),
	EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45'),
	EXTRACT(SECOND FROM TIMESTAMP '2024-01-01 03:05:59+08:45');
	----
	2023 12 31 18 20 59

I hope I got them right! :-)

[codetyri0n]

thanks for adding this scenario! I have committed with minor tweaks with the right test case format for slt : )
(the characters after 'query' tells us the type and rows returned)