CNDB-12774: Not index empty non-literal values

[adelapena]

Skip indexing empty non-literal values.

Ideally we should index those empty values to have the same behaviour as legacy table-based secondary indexes. However, SAI has never been able to index values non-literal values. CASSANDRA-19461 was meant to add support for this, but it only did it correctly for literal types (text, ascii, boolean and froze multicells), breaking index building for all other types.

I think that, until we have a good way to represent empty values in the KD tree, we should skip indexing empty non-literal types, rather than fail the entire index build.

It's worth mentioning that all the types whose empty values will be ignored return true in AbstractType#isEmptyValueMeaningless. This means that an empty binary value doesn't represent any composed value. That way, type composition always presents these values as null.

Also, this patch prevents an encoding error when searching empty varint and decimal values.

[github-actions]

Checklist before you submit for review

• Make sure there is a PR in the CNDB project updating the Converged Cassandra version
• Use NoSpamLogger for log lines that may appear frequently in the logs
• Verify test results on Butler
• Test coverage for new/modified code is > 80%
• Proper code formatting
• Proper title for each commit staring with the project-issue number, like CNDB-1234
• Each commit has a meaningful description
• Each commit is not very long and contains related changes
• Renames, moves and reformatting are in distinct commits

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
91.3% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[cassci-bot]

❌ Build ds-cassandra-pr-gate/PR-1556 rejected by Butler

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1 new test failure(s) in 2 builds
See build details here

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Found 1 new test failures

Test	Explanation	Branch history	Upstream history
...st.testTTLOverwriteHasCorrectOnDiskRowCount[ca]	regression	🔴🔵	🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵🔵

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Found 8 known test failures

[michaeljmarshall]

LGTM. This is a good solution for existing index file format versions. Any future implementation that indexes values will likely need to version the skipsEmptyValue call to be properly backwards compatible.

[adelapena]

Thanks for the reviews. PR bumping CNDB's CC version: https://github.com/riptano/cndb/pull/12904