Glossa IDE Toolkit

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📚 Prof. George Papagiannakis

University of Crete, Greece
Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH-ICS)

Copyright © 2025 George Papagiannakis. All rights reserved.

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Overview

This repository contains a lightweight implementation of the Greek educational programming language ΓΛΩΣΣΑ together with a Tkinter-based IDE. It is intended as a ready-to-use teaching toolkit for the “Ανάπτυξη Εφαρμογών σε Προγραμματιστικό Περιβάλλον” curriculum.

Key features

• ΓΛΩΣΣΑ interpreter (glossa_compiler.py): lexer, parser, and interpreter that support the full high-school subset—assignments, σταθερές (ΣΤΑΘΕΡΕΣ), αριθμητικές/λογικές εκφράσεις, συνθήκες, ΟΣΟ, ΑΡΧΗ_ΕΠΑΝΑΛΗΨΗΣ, ΓΙΑ ... ΜΕ_ΒΗΜΑ, ΕΠΙΛΕΞΕ, πολυδιάστατους πίνακες, διαδικασίες, συναρτήσεις, αναδρομή, ενσωματωμένες μαθηματικές συναρτήσεις (Α_Μ, Α_Τ, Ε, ΕΦ, ΗΜ, ΛΟΓ, ΣΥΝ, Τ_Ρ), και χειρισμό σφαλμάτων (π.χ. διαίρεση με το μηδέν).
• Desktop IDE (glossa_ide_tk.py): Tkinter-based editor with syntax highlighting, drag–resize panes, Ελληνικό UI, γραμμή εργαλείων, debugging (βήμα–βήμα, συνέχεια, διακοπή), watches [τοπικές/καθολικές], φωτισμό τρέχουσας γραμμής και εμφάνιση σφαλμάτων.
• Extensive sample suite (samples/): 50+ έτοιμα παραδείγματα με σχόλια “Περιγραφή / Βήμα-βήμα” που καλύπτουν από βασικούς αλγορίθμους έως προχωρημένες τεχνικές (δυναμικός προγραμματισμός, BFS, αναδρομή με απομνημόνευση, αξιολόγηση ποιότητας λογισμικού).
• Tk-first workflow: καμία εξάρτηση από τρίτες βιβλιοθήκες· αρκεί η standard βιβλιοθήκη της Python.

Requirements

• Python 3.9+ with Tkinter support (e.g. the Elements 3.10 environment or the system CPython build).
• No third-party packages are needed; standard-library Tkinter and dataclasses are sufficient.

If you use a Python build without Tk support, install the appropriate system package (e.g. sudo apt install python3-tk on Debian/Ubuntu or brew install python-tk@3.10 on macOS).

Installation

1. Clone or download this repository.
2. (Optional) Create a virtual environment aligned with the Elements310 distribution or another Python 3.9+ install.
3. Ensure Tkinter is available by running python - <<'PY'\nimport tkinter\nprint('Tk OK')\nPY.

Running the IDE

Launch the IDE with:

python run_ide.py

This opens the Tk window with a starter ΓΛΩΣΣΑ program. Use the toolbar buttons to open/save files, execute programs, or drive the debugger (Βήμα, Συνέχεια, Διακοπή).

IDE quickstart

English guide

• Layout: Editor (left), output console and watch panel (right). The watch panel labels local variables with [L] and outer-scope ones with [G].
• Open (Άνοιγμα): load an existing .gls file; the editor highlights ΓΛΩΣΣΑ keywords automatically.
• Save (Αποθήκευση): write the current tab back to disk; unsaved changes trigger a prompt when closing.
• Run (Εκτέλεση): compile and execute the whole program, printing ΓΡΑΨΕ output in the console.
• Step (Βήμα): start the debugger (first click) and advance one statement per click. The current line is highlighted in yellow.
• Continue (Συνέχεια): resume execution until the next breakpoint (first error) or program completion.
• Stop (Διακοπή): terminate the running/paused program and clear the debugger state.
• Error handling: syntax errors appear in the console and the offending line is highlighted; runtime errors (e.g. division by zero) show descriptive Greek messages.
• Input: when a program uses ΔΙΑΒΑΣΕ, the console prompts interactively; provide one value per line.

Οδηγός στα Ελληνικά

• Διάταξη: επεξεργαστής αριστερά, κονσόλα και πίνακας παρακολούθησης δεξιά. Οι τοπικές μεταβλητές σημειώνονται με [L], οι καθολικές με [G].
• Άνοιγμα: φόρτωση υπάρχοντος αρχείου .gls με πλήρη επισήμανση σύνταξης.
• Αποθήκευση: καταγραφή των αλλαγών στο δίσκο· αν κλείσετε με εκκρεμείς αλλαγές, θα ζητηθεί επιβεβαίωση.
• Εκτέλεση: μεταφράζει και τρέχει ολόκληρο το πρόγραμμα, εμφανίζοντας τις εντολές ΓΡΑΨΕ στην κονσόλα.
• Βήμα: εκκινεί τον αποσφαλματωτή (στην πρώτη χρήση) και προχωράει μία εντολή κάθε φορά με οπτική επισήμανση.
• Συνέχεια: συνεχίζει την εκτέλεση μέχρι να ολοκληρωθεί ή να προκύψει σημείο διακοπής/σφάλμα.
• Διακοπή: τερματίζει την τρέχουσα εκτέλεση και καθαρίζει την κατάσταση του αποσφαλματωτή.
• Σφάλματα: συντακτικά λάθη και μηνύματα χρόνου εκτέλεσης εμφανίζονται στην κονσόλα, ενώ η σχετική γραμμή φωτίζεται για εύκολο εντοπισμό.
• Είσοδος: όταν χρησιμοποιείται ΔΙΑΒΑΣΕ, πληκτρολογείτε την τιμή στην κονσόλα και πατάτε Enter.

Samples

Load any sample via Άνοιγμα in the IDE or run it programmatically with glossa_compiler.compile_and_run(source, inputs=...).

ΓΛΩΣΣΑ language coverage

• Program structure – countdown.gls, ch06_program_structure.gls
• Constants (ΣΤΑΘΕΡΕΣ) – constants_demo.gls, constants_types.gls, ch07_constant_usage.gls
• Input/Output (ΔΙΑΒΑΣΕ / ΓΡΑΨΕ) – countdown.gls, factorial.gls, ch08_factor_search.gls
• Assignments & expressions – ch02_stepwise_invoice.gls, ch07_expression_order.gls
• Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, DIV, MOD) – factorial.gls, ch02_gcd_bruteforce.gls, ch05_growth_ratio.gls
• Relational & logical operators – grades.gls, ch07_truth_table_and.gls, ch07_type_conversion_demo.gls
• Control flow (ΑΝ / ΑΛΛΙΩΣ) – factorial.gls, ch08_case_tiering.gls
• Multi-way selection (ΕΠΙΛΕΞΕ) – select_case.gls, ch08_case_tiering.gls, ch11_object_messages.gls
• Loops (ΟΣΟ, ΑΡΧΗ_ΕΠΑΝΑΛΗΨΗΣ ... ΜΕΧΡΙΣ_ΟΤΟΥ, ΓΙΑ ... ΜΕ_ΒΗΜΑ) – countdown.gls, repeat_until.gls, ch02_running_total.gls, ch02_binary_search_walkthrough.gls
• Stepped / decrement loops – ch04_dp_climb_stairs.gls, ch08_nested_loop_pattern.gls
• Procedures (ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΑ) – procedures_demo.gls, ch10_grade_module.gls, ch11_object_accounts.gls
• Functions (ΣΥΝΑΡΤΗΣΗ) – procedures_demo.gls, ch10_geometry_library.gls, ch10_sequence_generators.gls
• Built-in mathematical functions – builtin_functions.gls (Α_Μ, Α_Τ, Ε, ΕΦ, ΗΜ, ΛΟΓ, ΣΥΝ, Τ_Ρ)
• Return & recursion (ΕΠΙΣΤΡΕΨΕ) – ch02_algorithm_equivalence.gls, ch04_recursive_minimum.gls, ch10_fast_power.gls
• Arrays (1D / 2D) – arrays_1d.gls, arrays_2d.gls, ch09_matrix_rotation.gls, ch09_transpose_matrix.gls
• Parallel arrays / record emulation – ch03_parallel_records.gls, ch11_object_accounts.gls
• Queue and stack operations – queue_demo.gls, ch03_queue_array.gls, ch03_stack_array.gls, ch03_stack_linked.gls, ch03_priority_queue.gls
• Dynamic programming / memoisation – ch04_dp_knapsack.gls, ch04_dp_climb_stairs.gls, ch10_grid_paths.gls
• Greedy algorithms – ch04_greedy_intervals.gls, ch04_greedy_coin_change.gls
• Search & sort – linear_search.gls, ch05_best_worst_linear.gls, ch04_merge_sort.gls
• Mathematical utilities / graph traversal – ch02_euclid_trace.gls, ch03_bfs_network.gls
• Runtime guards & error handling – ch13_runtime_guard.gls, ch08_factor_search.gls
• Tracing & debugging aids – ch13_trace_logger.gls, ch05_invariant_checker.gls
• Quality / documentation analytics – ch14_quality_dashboard.gls, ch14_mod11_checksum.gls

Core mini-examples

• arrays_1d.gls – populates a 1D array, then sums the contents.
• arrays_2d.gls – fills a 2×3 array and computes the aggregate total.
• constants_demo.gls – demonstrates constant declaration (ΣΤΑΘΕΡΕΣ) and usage for circle calculations.
• constants_types.gls – shows constants of all types (integers, reals, characters, booleans).
• countdown.gls – performs an interactive countdown using ΟΣΟ.
• factorial.gls – multiplies 2..ν to obtain n! with input validation.
• fibonacci.gls – prints the first k Fibonacci numbers iteratively.
• grades.gls – classifies a grade into Αποτυχία / Καλώς / Λίαν καλώς / Άριστα.
• linear_search.gls – scans user-provided values and reports the first match.
• matrix_processing.gls – reads a matrix, prints the diagonal, sum, and maximum.
• procedures_demo.gls – demonstrates procedure and function calls.
• queue_demo.gls – circular queue with push/pop and overflow detection.
• repeat_until.gls – minimal ΑΡΧΗ_ΕΠΑΝΑΛΗΨΗΣ ... ΜΕΧΡΙΣ_ΟΤΟΥ showcase.
• select_case.gls – ΕΠΙΛΕΞΕ dispatch across 1, 2–3, or default.
• stack_demo.gls – stack push/pop menu with underflow/overflow handling.

Chapter-aligned advanced set

• Κεφάλαιο 1 (Ανάλυση προβλήματος)
  ch01_capacity_balance.gls – compares διαθέσιμη ικανότητα vs. ζήτηση ανά τρίμηνο.
  ch01_project_feasibility.gls – evaluates συνολικό κόστος, διάρκεια, κίνδυνο έργου.
  ch01_risk_matrix.gls – builds a risk matrix and suggests mitigation priorities.
• Κεφάλαιο 2 (Βασικές έννοιες αλγορίθμων)
  ch02_algorithm_equivalence.gls – compares iterative vs. recursive factorial.
  ch02_binary_search_walkthrough.gls – traces search bounds step-by-step.
  ch02_euclid_trace.gls – logs the Euclidean algorithm rounds for ΜΚΔ.
  ch02_gcd_bruteforce.gls – brute-force ΜΚΔ μειώνοντας τον μικρότερο αριθμό με MOD.
  ch02_stepwise_invoice.gls – sequential invoice calculation highlighting algorithmic steps.
  ch02_max_of_three.gls – nested decisions to locate the largest of three values.
  ch02_running_total.gls – running average via counted ΓΙΑ loop.
  ch02_swap_demo.gls – demonstrates the swap pattern with a temporary variable.
• Κεφάλαιο 3 (Δομές δεδομένων & αλγόριθμοι)
  ch03_bfs_network.gls – breadth-first traversal over an adjacency matrix.
  ch03_queue_scheduling.gls – FCFS scheduling with waiting-time analytics.
  ch03_stack_simulation.gls – scripted stack operations with status reporting.
  ch03_queue_array.gls – circular queue implementation with wrap-around indices.
  ch03_stack_array.gls – fixed-size array stack with push/pop operations.
  ch03_stack_linked.gls – stack emulated via linked structure pointers.
  ch03_priority_queue.gls – priority-based dequeue using simple array scans.
  ch03_frequency_table.gls – builds category frequency counts from survey votes.
  ch03_parallel_records.gls – manages parallel arrays of names and grades.
  ch03_matrix_column_sums.gls – sums each column of a 3×3 data grid.
  ch03_inventory_levels.gls – adjusts stock levels after deliveries and orders.
• Κεφάλαιο 4 (Τεχνικές σχεδίασης αλγορίθμων)
  ch04_dp_knapsack.gls – 0/1 knapsack solved via dynamic programming.
  ch04_greedy_intervals.gls – greedy activity selection sorted by finish time.
  ch04_merge_sort.gls – classic divide-and-conquer merge sort.
  ch04_recursive_minimum.gls – divide-and-conquer search for the minimum value.
  ch04_recursive_sum.gls – recursive aggregation of array segments.
  ch04_dp_climb_stairs.gls – staircase counting with memoised subproblems.
  ch04_greedy_coin_change.gls – greedy change-making with euro-style coins.
• Κεφάλαιο 5 (Ανάλυση αλγορίθμων)
  ch05_complexity_estimator.gls – counts operations for an O(n²) loop nest.
  ch05_invariant_checker.gls – tracks the insertion sort invariant per pass.
  ch05_search_comparison.gls – contrasts linear vs. binary search effort.
  ch05_halving_counter.gls – measures the logarithmic behaviour of repeated halving.
  ch05_nested_loop_table.gls – tallies triangular numbers from nested loops.
  ch05_best_worst_linear.gls – compares best/worst-case linear search passes.
  ch05_growth_ratio.gls – contrasts n² and n³ growth rates for sample sizes.
• Κεφάλαιο 6 (Εισαγωγή στον προγραμματισμό)
  ch06_language_selector.gls – weighted scoring of programming language choices.
  ch06_parallel_readiness.gls – flags tasks that fit parallel execution limits.
  ch06_translation_pipeline.gls – models compiler stages and cumulative timings.
  ch06_language_generations.gls – timeline of programming-language generations.
  ch06_translation_modes.gls – associates compilation stages with tooling roles.
  ch06_program_structure.gls – outlines input/process/output blocks.
  ch06_development_models.gls – compares software development models and durations.
• Κεφάλαιο 7 (Βασικές έννοιες προγραμματισμού)
  ch07_expression_stages.gls – evaluates a composite expression step by step.
  ch07_type_audit.gls – combines integers, reals, booleans per record.
  ch07_validation_suite.gls – reusable function to validate measurement ranges.
  ch07_truth_table_and.gls – prints the truth table of the logical AND operator.
  ch07_type_conversion_demo.gls – illustrates implicit type conversions.
  ch07_expression_order.gls – demonstrates operator precedence through staged results.
  ch07_constant_usage.gls – pricing example using constant-like parameters.
• Κεφάλαιο 8 (Επιλογή και επανάληψη)
  ch08_adaptive_iteration.gls – adaptive step search towards a numeric target.
  ch08_decision_matrix.gls – cross-references performance and attendance.
  ch08_repeat_convergence.gls – Newton method for square roots with repeat-until.
  ch08_nested_loop_pattern.gls – triangular star pattern from nested loops.
  ch08_factor_search.gls – ΟΣΟ loop to locate the first divisor.
  ch08_repeat_threshold.gls – repeat-until loop reducing a value to a limit.
  ch08_case_tiering.gls – ΕΠΙΛΕΞΕ classification into satisfaction tiers.
• Κεφάλαιο 9 (Πίνακες)
  ch09_matrix_rotation.gls – rotates a 4×4 matrix by 90°.
  ch09_merge_datasets.gls – merges two sorted sequences.
  ch09_sliding_window.gls – moving-average filter over time series data.
  ch09_median_parity.gls – διάμεσος ταξινομημένου πίνακα με έλεγχο MOD.
  ch09_transpose_matrix.gls – constructs the transpose of a 3×3 matrix.
  ch09_row_averages.gls – reports row means in a 4×3 dataset.
  ch09_histogram_bins.gls – bins continuous measurements into histogram buckets.
  ch09_diagonal_sums.gls – sums main and secondary diagonals of a 4×4 matrix.
• Κεφάλαιο 10 (Υποπρογράμματα)
  ch10_fast_power.gls – fast exponentiation using recursion.
  ch10_grid_paths.gls – memoised count of lattice paths.
  ch10_statistical_modules.gls – modular mean and variance computation.
  ch10_geometry_library.gls – area/perimeter helpers for rectangles and circles.
  ch10_sequence_generators.gls – functions returning triangular and square numbers.
  ch10_grade_module.gls – procedure-based student report with verbal feedback.
  ch10_finance_tools.gls – simple-interest and compound-value utilities.
• Κεφάλαιο 11 (Σύγχρονα προγραμματιστικά περιβάλλοντα)
  ch11_event_dispatcher.gls – event-type dispatch for GUI interactions.
  ch11_message_bus.gls – routes messages to domain services by code range.
  ch11_ui_flow_controller.gls – orchestrates UI states through a controller.
  ch11_object_accounts.gls – ομοίωμα τάξης λογαριασμού με «μεθόδους» κατάθεσης/ανάληψης.
  ch11_object_messages.gls – κοινή διαδικασία χειρισμού μηνυμάτων αντικειμένων διεπαφής.
• Κεφάλαιο 12 (Σχεδίαση διεπαφής χρήστη)
  ch12_accessibility_audit.gls – calculates WCAG contrast ratios.
  ch12_dialog_layout.gls – detects misaligned cells in a dialog grid.
  ch12_menu_layout.gls – checks if menu entries fit on one row.
• Κεφάλαιο 13 (Εκσφαλμάτωση προγράμματος)
  ch13_error_classification.gls – groups error codes into syntax/logic/runtime.
  ch13_runtime_guard.gls – guards divisions against zero denominators.
  ch13_trace_logger.gls – logs multiplication trace for debugging analysis.
  ch13_leap_year_rules.gls – εφαρμογή των κανόνων mod 4/100/400 για δίσεκτα έτη.
• Κεφάλαιο 14 (Αξιολόγηση – Τεκμηρίωση)
  ch14_documentation_tracker.gls – reports documentation deliverable status.
  ch14_lifecycle_projection.gls – accumulates phase durations in a lifecycle.
  ch14_quality_dashboard.gls – weighted quality scoring across subsystems.
  ch14_mod11_checksum.gls – υπολογισμός ψηφίου ελέγχου με MOD 11.

Debugging Workflow

1. Click Βήμα to begin a debug session (first click compiles and stops on the first statement).
2. Use Βήμα to advance statement-by-statement or Συνέχεια to run freely until completion/stop.
3. The watch panel shows local [L] and outer-scope [G] variables; the current source line is highlighted.
4. Errors highlight the relevant line automatically with explanatory output in the console.

Version History

• v0.4.0 (current)
  • Added 36 new chapter-aligned samples (4 per chapter from 2–10) with inline walkthroughs.
  • Documented the IDE in English and Greek, covering toolbar controls and debugging workflow.
  • Refined geometry/finance examples for compatibility with the interpreter’s feature set.
• v0.3.0
  • Curated 40+ chapter-aligned sample programs with in-source documentation.
  • Expanded README and in-code comments for easier onboarding and teaching use.
  • Tidied repository assets for public publication (no generated artefacts).
• v0.2.0
  • Added repeat–until loops, switch/case branching, 1D/2D arrays, and full procedure/function support.
  • Enhanced IDE with debugger controls, watch panel, error highlighting, and line numbers.
  • Supplied the first wave of comprehensive sample programs.
• v0.1.0
  • Initial release with core ΓΛΩΣΣΑ interpreter, Tkinter IDE, and basic control-flow examples.

Contributing / Extending

Pull requests are welcome. High-priority ideas:

• Breakpoints and call-stack inspection in the debugger.
• Pass-by-reference parameters for arrays.
• Exporting execution traces or unit tests for sample programs.